See byw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "byw"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bɨw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/bɨw"
],
[
"*biwos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/biwos"
],
[
"*gʷih₃wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós"
],
[
"*gʷeyh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷeyh₃-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*bɨw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *bɨw",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*biwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *biwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷih₃wós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *bɨw, from Proto-Celtic *biwos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós, from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "byw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "uyw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "vyw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "myw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"english": "“Be thou there in my likeness, and with one stroke that thou givest him, he shall no longer live.”",
"ref": "14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 3, lines 61–63:",
"text": "‘A byd di i’m rith yno,’ heb ef, ‘ac un dyrnaut a rodych di idaw ef; ny byd byw ef o hwnnw.’",
"translation": "“Be thou there in my likeness, and with one stroke that thou givest him, he shall no longer live.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alive"
],
"id": "en-byw-wlm-adj-E1~HoJ2i",
"links": [
[
"alive",
"alive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨu̯/"
}
],
"word": "byw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "byw"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bɨw",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/bɨw"
],
[
"*biwos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/biwos"
],
[
"*gʷih₃wós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós"
],
[
"*gʷeyh₃-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷeyh₃-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*bɨw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *bɨw",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*biwos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *biwos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷih₃wós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *bɨw, from Proto-Celtic *biwos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós, from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "byw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "uyw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "vyw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "myw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh adjectives",
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeyh₃-",
"Middle Welsh terms with quotations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
79
]
],
"english": "“Be thou there in my likeness, and with one stroke that thou givest him, he shall no longer live.”",
"ref": "14th century, anonymous author, edited by R. L. Thomson, Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet (Mediaeval and Modern Welsh Series; vol. I), Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, published 1980, page 3, lines 61–63:",
"text": "‘A byd di i’m rith yno,’ heb ef, ‘ac un dyrnaut a rodych di idaw ef; ny byd byw ef o hwnnw.’",
"translation": "“Be thou there in my likeness, and with one stroke that thou givest him, he shall no longer live.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alive"
],
"links": [
[
"alive",
"alive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bɨu̯/"
}
],
"word": "byw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for byw meaning in Middle Welsh (2.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: byw/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"byw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "byw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: byw/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"byw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "byw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: byw/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"byw"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "byw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.